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The hunt for the next Twitter: all the news about alternative social media platforms

Twitter hasn’t been in a great place for months, and that suddenly means that there’s a lot more competition in Twitter-like social media platforms. Mastodon might be the most well-established, but there are many other services vying to be the next place you hang out on the internet, including Post, Substack Notes, T2, the Jack Dorsey-backed Bluesky, and soon, Instagram Threads from Meta and Mark Zuckerberg.

That said, the “next Twitter” might not be decided by its app but by its protocol. Mastodon, for example, is built on top of ActivityPub, a W3C-recommended protocol for decentralized social networking, a protocol with support from Tumblr, Flipboard, and maybe even Instagram’s Twitter competitor Threads. Bluesky is building its own protocol, the AT Protocol, which, yes, is focused on decentralized social networking, but also algorithmic choice and portable accounts.

If one of these protocols (or another) really takes off, it could have a foundational impact on the way social networking functions. Instead of having to cross your fingers that one organization or company is a good steward for the app of your choice, many services will theoretically be interoperable with one another. That could open up some really exciting ways for people to talk and post on the internet, which is something we here at The Verge care deeply about. Maybe we’ll all end up gravitating toward yet another centralized platform instead — but I kind of hope we don’t.

Here’s our up-to-date coverage of the competition between Twitter alternatives — some options like Mastodon have been waiting years for this moment.

  • Richard Lawler

    TODAY, 1:07 AM UTC

    Richard Lawler

    What's next for Bluesky?

    Even without one Jack Dorsey, the social platform does have some new features on the roadmap, including:

    DMs, video, improved Custom Feeds, better anti-harassment features, and a new login tool called "OAuth"

    These are coming "over the next few months," with a plan for off-protocol, one to one direct messages, and 90 second video clips.


  • Bluesky confirms Jack Dorsey is no longer on its board

    Jack Dorsey on a purple background
    Illustration by Laura Normand / The Verge

    Twitter founder Jack Dorsey is no longer on the board of Bluesky, the decentralized social media platform he helped start. In two posts today, Bluesky thanked Dorsey while confirming his departure and adding that it’s searching for a new board member “who shares our commitment to building a social network that puts people in control of their experience.”

    The posts come a day after an X user asked Dorsey if he was still on the company’s board, and Dorsey responded, without further elaboration, “no.” As TechCrunch points out, Dorsey was on a tear yesterday, unfollowing all but three accounts on X while referring to Elon Musk’s platform as “freedom technology.”

    Read Article >
  • Mastodon becomes a US nonprofit.

    CEO Eugen Rochko says the fediverse app has established a 501(c)(3) nonprofit in the US in order to receive tax-deductible donations. Mastodon was previously based in Germany until the government there pulled its nonprofit status with “no advance warning or explanation,” according to Rochko. The board for the five-person US nonprofit includes Twitter cofounder Biz Stone.


  • Bluesky backs effort to make Mastodon apps compatible with its protocol.

    The decentralized social network has awarded an $800 grant to SkyBridge, an “in-progress proxy web server that translates Mastodon API calls into appropriate Bluesky ones,” which will let people use their favorite Mastodon apps on Bluesky.

    The funds came from Bluesky’s rather modest ($10,000 in its initial allocation) grant fund for developers on the AT Protocol.


  • Newsletter platform Ghost adopts ActivityPub to ‘bring back the open web’

    Illustration of the fediverse surrounding the Earth like a constellation.
    Image: Cath Virginia | The Verge

    Open platforms keep gaining support out there — newsletter platform Ghost just published what amounts to a manifesto in support of the ActivityPub protocol with plans to ship ActivityPub integration “in 2024.”

    That’s a big shot of support for the fediverse — the network of open and interoperable social services that have all been gaining momentum over the past year. Ghost founder John O’Nolan recently said that federation over ActivityPub was the platform’s “most requested feature over the past few years” — a comment he made on Meta’s Threads, which itself is slowing beginning to federate.

    Read Article >
  • Emma Roth

    Apr 19

    Emma Roth

    Twitter alternative Post News is shutting down

    An image showing the logo for Post on a purple background
    Image: Post News

    Post News, a Twitter alternative that emerged in the wake of Elon Musk’s takeover, is shutting down. Noam Bardin, the platform’s founder and former CEO of Waze, writes that Post News “is not growing fast enough to become a real business or a significant platform.”

    The Andreessen Horowitz-backed platform launched in a closed beta in November 2022, but now it’s set to shutter “within the next few weeks.” It serves as a social platform that also offers users ad-free access to paywalled content from publishers such as Fortune, Business Insider, Wired, The Boston Globe, and others. All users have to do is pay a “few cents” per article instead of signing up for a subscription to each publication.

    Read Article >
  • Wes Davis

    Apr 13

    Wes Davis

    Bluesky lifted its ban on heads of state signups

    An image showing the Bluesky logo on a gradient blue background
    Image: Bluesky

    Bluesky is apparently ready for a bigger challenge. It says it’s allowing heads of state to sign up now, a little over two months after it opened for general signups. In May last year, the site asked its users not to give invitation codes to “recent/prominent heads of state,” stating that it was its policy not to accommodate them.

    When Bluesky instituted its heads-of-state policy, the site was still in its showing-everyone’s-ass phase, and its moderation approach wasn’t in place, yet. So instead of the varying degrees of controlled chaos that social networks are, Bluesky was filled with, well, lots of unsettlingly sexy pictures of the cat-eating alien puppet star of the 1980s sitcom Alf, which The Verge’s Elizabeth Lopatto pointed out last year. It didn’t seem ready to manage world leaders along with the likes of infamous shitposters like Dril.

    Read Article >
  • Canadians are asking their government to federate.

    In the fediverse, that is. Petition e-4769, which so far only has 850 signatures, cites the “considerable controversy, harassment, misinformation, and strife” of corporate-run social media in asking the government to use open-source alternatives like ActivityPub, the social protocol used by Mastodon (and which US President Biden is now posting into... from Threads), for communication, instead.

    The petition is sponsored by Parliament Member Gord Johns, and closes on April 21st.


    Petition e-4769 - Petitions

    [www.ourcommons.ca]

  • President Biden is now posting into the fediverse

    A screenshot of President Biden’s account, as viewed from a Mastodon instance on the web.
    The president’s account can now be found on platforms like Mastodon.
    Screenshot: Wes Davis / The Verge

    The official US president Threads account, currently helmed by President Joe Biden, has begun using Meta’s ActivityPub integration, making Biden the first sitting US president to post on the decentralized networking protocol. If you want to follow the President’s posts, but don’t want to leave Mastodon, you can follow @potus@threads.net.

    The account turning on fediverse posting comes only a couple of weeks after Threads rolled out its beta ActivityPub integration for users in the US, Canada, and Japan.

    Read Article >
  • April Fools’ 2024: Bluesky Shorts.

    Unlike every other app and service chasing the bouncing ball of vertical video (off the top of my head, we have YouTube, Instagram, NBA, Amazon, Reddit, Twitch, Netflix, Spotify... you get the picture), Bluesky’s April Fools’ contribution is... actual shorts.

    At least, assuming they get enough orders on Custom Ink to put the shipment through, but I’m not sure why Bluesky CEO Jay Graber didn’t mention this when she was on Decoder?


    A screenshot of the ordering page for Bluesky shorts.
    Image: Bluesky
  • Meta tests live scores on Threads, starting with NBA games.

    While Threads continues to test the waters of federation, the team is working on other features too. Continuing a push that started with “NBA Threads” outreach events around summer league and All-Star Weekend, and snagging posts from newsbreakers like Woj and Shams, it’s now testing live scores of NBA games and plans to add other sports.

    Of course, it’s March, so why not start with the Women’s and Men’s NCAA basketball tournaments and bring in the NBA during the playoffs?


  • The “new” Threads desktop app is available for Windows PCs.

    Yes, Windows users can get the Threads app Mark Zuckerberg is showing here from the Microsoft Store

    But once it’s installed, you’ll get the same desktop web app experience (loaded in Microsoft’s Edge web browser) that we’ve had access to since August.


  • Threads is getting ready for the fediverse.

    One of the creators of the ActivityPub protocol, Evan Prodromou, is now beta testing the ability to cross-post from Threads to Mastodon. He’s the first non-Meta employee I’m aware of with this feature enabled, which suggests that we’re getting closer to a wider rollout.

    In other Threads news: Everyone now has the ability to save drafts and access the phone camera directly in the app.


  • Bluesky starts letting users host their own servers

    An image showing three side-by-side screengrabs of Bluesky on mobile
    Image: Bluesky

    Bluesky is taking a big leap toward federating. On Thursday, the social network announced that it is opening up early access for users and developers who want to self-host their data. While this isn’t true federation yet, the company plans to open up federation to larger servers with even more users in its next phase. When the dust settles, anyone can (in theory) create their own server with their own rules on Bluesky’s AT Protocol. 

    The draw of self-hosting is that it offers users more control over their social media. Rather than store your data on Bluesky’s servers, you can keep it on your own, or move your existing posts, likes, and followers to another company’s platform. If Bluesky were to go bankrupt or change hands, users who self-host would have a degree of extra security.

    Read Article >
  • Wes Davis

    Feb 14

    Wes Davis

    Bluesky CEO says full hashtag support is coming.

    “Linkifying them is the logical next step,” CEO Jay Graber said while discussing the use of hashtags on the Twitter alternative platform on the Techmeme Ride Home Podcast,

    Graber also said Bluesky, which recently opened, now has nearly 5 million users and will soon roll out moderation services, enabling “any third-party service that wants to build, you know, a labeler or an annotator some way of giving input to the network.”


  • The fediverse, explained

    Illustration of the fediverse surrounding the Earth like a constellation.
    Image: Cath Virginia | The Verge

    At some point over the last year, you’ve probably come across the term “fediverse” a few times. Maybe you’ve read about it here at The Verge or seen some internet oldhead talking on their blog about how this is the internet they were hoping for back in 1993. Maybe someone sent you that “Protocols, Not Platforms” article so you’d think they were smart.

    The fediverse is a little like HTTP or the nitrogen to oxygen ratio in the air: very important, all around you, but probably not something you need to think about in your day to day. But if the fediverse is actually going to change the internet — and I think it might — it’s worth understanding just a little better.

    Read Article >
  • Bluesky is ready to open up

    A graphic of the Bluesky logo.
    Bluesky

    There was a moment last year when Bluesky — the weird, irreverent Twitter competitor with a decentralized twist — had captured lighting in a bottle.

    The app quickly amassed over two million users while in closed beta and became a hot topic of conversation in newsrooms like The Verge’s. Now, the conversation about what comes after the platform-now-called-X has largely shifted to ActivityPub, the decentralized protocol powering Mastodon, a budding ecosystem of other services, and eventually, Meta’s Threads.

    Read Article >
  • Twitter alternative spouts a massive leak

    An image showing a lock made up of binary code
    Illustration by Alex Castro / The Verge

    Security consultant and Have I Been Pwned creator Troy Hunt has detailed a vulnerability in the API of Spoutible, a social platform that emerged following Elon Musk’s takeover of Twitter, that could allow hackers to take full control of users’ accounts.

    After someone alerted Hunt to the vulnerability, he discovered that hackers could exploit Spoutible’s API to obtain a user’s name, username, and bio, along with their email, IP address, and phone number. Spoutible has since addressed the vulnerability, writing in a post on its site that it didn’t leak decrypted passwords or direct messages, while confirming the “information scraped included email addresses and some cell phone numbers.” It invited anyone who still wants to use the service back for a “special Pod session” at 1PM ET. Both Spoutible and Hunt recommend that users change their passwords and reset 2FA.

    Read Article >
  • Threads is preparing to venture deeper into the fediverse.

    That comes courtesy of Alessandro Paluzzi, who frequently reverse engineers and reveals Threads and Instagram features. The new option lets you turn fediverse sharing on and off at will and you can easily copy your username formatted for the decentralized Activity Pub social protocol.

    Instagram boss Adam Mosseri said recently that Threads users will also be able to follow and interact with fediverse accounts from Threads, though their accounts will have to be public to do so.


    A pair of screenshots showing that a new Fediverse sharing feature is coming.
    Fediverse sharing (BETA) is on its way.
    Screenshots: Alessandro Paluzzi
  • Threads: coming to the fediverse, slowly but surely.

    Wired has an interview with Rachel Lambert, a product manager at Meta, all about the state of Threads’ plans to decentralize and join the world of ActivityPub. The short version: it’s a process, but it’s happening! And Meta knows exactly how big Threads is, what it’ll do to the fediverse when it joins:

    “We’re kind of like the big whale that’s coming into this conversation.”


  • Emma Roth

    Jan 31

    Emma Roth

    Twitter alternative Post just got some major upgrades.

    Post launched in 2022 as a way to read ad-free news articles and paywalled content with a points-based system. But now, it’s rolling out a number of improvements, including native comments you can leave on feeds, repost, and tag people in.

    There’s also an update to make navigating between posts and comment threads smoother, along with a new real-time notification system that will keep you “up to date with accurate comment counts, activity stream updates, and much more.” Post is also working on building achievements, status badges, and rewards for users.


  • Bluesky hires its own moderators directly.

    That’s one of a few things I learned from the platform’s 2023 moderation report. Also, it plans to open source its frontend moderation review system (called “Ozone”) and says it is “in the process of pulling out the moderation back-end as a standalone service that other organizations can self-host.”


  • A peek at the Threads / ActivityPub roadmap.

    Tom Coates was recently at a meeting with Meta’s Threads team talking about ActivityPub, the fediverse, and the future of social. He took a lot of interesting notes! And in those notes he has a near-future roadmap for Threads’ decentralization plans:

    • Early 2024 (Part One) – the Like counts on the Threads app would combine likes from Mastodon and Threads users

    • Early 2024 (Part Two) – replies posted on Mastodon servers would be visible in the Threads application

    • Late 2024 – A “mixed” Fediverse and Threads experience where you will be able to follow Mastodon users within Threads, and reply to them and like them


  • Richard Lawler

    Dec 28, 2023

    Richard Lawler

    The Ivory app for Mastodon swaps out its Search tab for Explore.

    If you’re joining or thinking about joining the fediverse via an iPhone, this Mastodon client from the makers of Tweetbot is an option many prefer. A post on DaringFireball points out that the most recent update for Ivory adds an Explore tab with better search plus “a new popular & trending section.”

    However, the devs note, that the data populating that section will vary based on the data generated by your particular Mastodon server. We’re on Mastodon (and Threads and whatever else), are you?


  • Jay Peters

    Dec 22, 2023

    Jay Peters

    Bluesky posts are finally open to the public

    An image of Bluesky’s new logo.
    Image: Bluesky

    Bluesky remains an invite-only decentralized Twitter alternative, but now, you don’t need to have an account and log in to be able to see posts on the platform, according to a blog post from Bluesky CEO Jay Graber. Now, anyone can easily see posts from both the web and from the Bluesky app — like this one.

    If you want to prevent people who aren’t logged in from seeing your posts, you can “discourage” that by clicking a toggle in settings. But Bluesky notes that “other apps may not honor this request” and that the toggle doesn’t make your account private.

    Read Article >